My Grandmother Essay -- Creative Writing Personal Narrative Essays

My grannieMy grannie has a bobcat. It lives on her roof. Shes mobilizeed the police twice they told her that bobcats dont live in her climate. I imagine the police at the station rolling their eyes, groaning to their colleagues that Gloria from Cherrywood Lane is c every last(predicate)ing again. Or maybe they put her on speakerphone so everyone can laugh. So Grandmother called my mom to say that a bobcat lives on her roof. My mother asked her Do you really think its a bobcat? No my grandmother said, It power be a lynx. My grandmother is a four-foot tall, three-foot wide Jewish woman with long white hair. She wears flea market jewelry to the point of capacity. Her arms ar some(prenominal) pounds heavier than need be because of the twenty or so gold bracelets she wears around her wrist. I live in awe of the fact that her body has not uncaring from her head due to the gigantic golden bust of a sphinx she wears around her neck. She smokes Moore cigarettes, lighting one off of another. My grandmother is strange. Shes what prudent people call a character and blunt people call a nut job. For one thing, her house is filled with stuffed animals. I dont incriminate that she has a lot of stuffed animals. I mean that her house is full of stuffed animals the way that a body is full of organs. There are no places to sit. There are no surfaces on which to eat. She names them, she dresses them - her house is FULL of stuffed animals. My mom and I used to eat there every other Sunday. In addition to the animals, my grandma collects cuckoo clocks. There are several in each room but none accurately tell the time. We would shout to her over the constant and husky chiming and gonging. Our voices had to travel not just ... ...onder, though, about the breakdown of our unit. Is it better for my mother to entertain my grandmothers stories purely out of a sense of duty? Or is it okay to write someone off, even a family member, who doesnt contribute happiness to yo ur life? Do you have to love someone because they gave parenthood to you? After all, my grandmother has certainly caused my mom a great deal of heartache. I dont know the answer. In light of my grandmothers craziness I can only be thankful for my mother. Were she to imagine the Stay-Puft Marshmallow Man on her roof I would be on the next planing machine home. Id build a proton pack out of cardboard and sit with her and comfort her until he went away. Id dine with her in the nutriment room, eating with my back turned to her so shed still be comfortable. Id help her name her stuffed animals and wind her clocks so they all chimed at once.

The Raven :: Literary Analysis, Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe wrote many literary works and had many tragedies in his life. Edgar Allan Poes life started in poverty, became better during his adopted years, and in one case again fell into poverty. Edgar Allan Poe inspired many people with his haunting poetry and short stories. One of his best known poems is The Raven. In this poem he is delineate as a lonely fellow in his bedroom, longing for his lost love. Some say this poem is a metaphor for his close friends and family dying. Edgar Allan Poe had a approximately life that resulted in many inspiring poems. (Hallqvist 1). Edgar Allan Poe was born January 19 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. His parents, Elizabeth and David Poe were both involved in acting careers. When Edgar was two years old, his father cryptically abandoned his family, leaving Elizabeth Poe with Edgar and his two siblings, Henry and Rosalie to raise on her own. Soon after Edgars father leaving, his become fell ill with tuberculosis. Elizabeth Po e suffered with the disease from October until declination 8, 1811 when she died. Later in Edgars life, his poems would relate back to December 1811 and its misfortunes. And all I loved, I loved alone (Lange 12). Poe said speaking of the tragedy of his mothers death. (Lange 12-13). While Elizabeth Poe had lain sick, Frances Allan and a few other ladies cared for the Poe household. Frances Allan grew and attachment to Edgar and adopted him after his mother died. His siblings were adopted by different families. Frances loved Edgar as her own. Edgar was roughly spoiled by his doting foster mother (Anderson 12). Frances and her husband John Allan were very wealthy. (Anderson 12). When Edgar turned six, John moved the family to London for business. There, Edgar attended an English embarkment school where he studied French, Latin and literature. In 1820, John Allans business in England failed, which caused the family to move back to Richmond. Edgar continued school bac k in Richmond and began writing poems. One of his first poems was about a crush he had on his friends mother. Helen, thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yore, That gently, oer a perfumed sea,

Discrimination Exposed in The Tempest Essay -- Tempest essays

Discrimination Exposed in The tempest Within The Tempest there are obvious brotherly implications regarding the hierarchy, with the representations of characters such as Caliban, Prospero etcetera During Shakespeares measure societal classification was much more rigid than today and some members of society were considered superior to other members. Shakespeare attempts to provide an example of this rigid social structure. Shakespeare illustrates how superior men differentiated themselves from lesser beings on the basis of race, financial status, and gender. Through the characterization of Prospero, Shakespeare provides an example of one, who had reason to feel superior, yet treated others as and with the respect collect to them. The Tempest reflects Shakespeares society through the relationship between characters, especially between Prospero and Caliban. Caliban, who was the previous king of the island, is taught how to be civilized by Prospero and his fille Miranda. Then he is forced to be their servant. Caliban explains Thou strokst me and make much of me wouldst give me Water with berries in t and teach me how to name the bigger light, how the less, That burn by day and dark and then I lovd thee, And showd thee all the qualities o th isle,... For I am all the subjects you have, which first was mine own king.(Shakespeare I,ii,334-354). We see he is treated as a lesser being because he is not of the same race as Prospero and Miranda. Prospero describes... ...scrimination and segregation live on. This discrimination prevents many from fully participating in our society. Unfortunately, the passage of time has not taken our society to a higher intellectual level, rather it has only taught us how to be more discreet with our discrimination. whole kit and caboodle Cited and Consulted Garnett, Richard. Irving Shakespeare The Tempest (and selected criticism). Charlotte gatekeeper and Helen A. Clarke (eds.) Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 1903. Knight, G. Wi lson. Shakespearian Superman The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968 Murray, J. Middleton. Shakespeares Dream The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968 Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. 1611. Ed. Stephen Orgel. New York Oxford UP, 1994. Discrimination Exposed in The Tempest Essay -- Tempest essaysDiscrimination Exposed in The Tempest Within The Tempest there are obvious social implications regarding the hierarchy, with the representations of characters such as Caliban, Prospero etc. During Shakespeares time social classification was much more rigid than today and some members of society were considered superior to other members. Shakespeare attempts to provide an example of this rigid social structure. Shakespeare illustrates how superior men differentiated themselves from lesser beings on the basis of race, financial status, and gender. Through the characterization of Prospero, Shakespeare provides an example of one, who had reason to feel su perior, yet treated others equally and with the respect due to them. The Tempest reflects Shakespeares society through the relationship between characters, especially between Prospero and Caliban. Caliban, who was the previous king of the island, is taught how to be civilized by Prospero and his daughter Miranda. Then he is forced to be their servant. Caliban explains Thou strokst me and make much of me wouldst give me Water with berries in t and teach me how to name the bigger light, how the less, That burn by day and night and then I lovd thee, And showd thee all the qualities o th isle,... For I am all the subjects you have, which first was mine own king.(Shakespeare I,ii,334-354). We see he is treated as a lesser being because he is not of the same race as Prospero and Miranda. Prospero describes... ...scrimination and segregation live on. This discrimination prevents many from fully participating in our society. Unfortunately, the passage of time has not taken our society to a higher intellectual level, rather it has only taught us how to be more discreet with our discrimination. Works Cited and Consulted Garnett, Richard. Irving Shakespeare The Tempest (and selected criticism). Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke (eds.) Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 1903. Knight, G. Wilson. Shakespearian Superman The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968 Murray, J. Middleton. Shakespeares Dream The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968 Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. 1611. Ed. Stephen Orgel. New York Oxford UP, 1994.

Women of the Revolution Essay examples -- History, War, Feminism

Women are frequently overlooked when it comes to history in the eighteenth centuries. They were there in the flesh for all of the historical nonethelessts, but they are rarely mentioned. Everyone has heard of the intro Fathers, but students rarely hear about the Founding Mothers in their curriculum. Although women did not directly plan out our government, they still deserve to be given some credit for it. The roles that women played during the Revolutionary War greatly influenced the outcome of the war and the country that resulted from it. Women had all kinds of roles to play when it came to the Revolutionary War. Although their roles might not seem as important to the public as the other women involved, women at home is one of the many factors that dished keep the United States in the war. Many women just kept control of the house and farm and made sure naught went wrong (Hanafore). Others housed wounded soldiers that were in need of refuge. A few women even started organizatio ns that regularly sent supplies like food and clothing to the soldiers that were fighting (Zitek). There was even a woman who wrote a book to inform the public of the affairs of the war (Pavao). Esther Reed was one such woman who helped start an organization to help the soldiers who were fighting. Her organization was known as the Philadelphia Association. The Association felt sympathy for the soldiers and mulish to take action. They raised money to send to the soldiers, however, George Washington did not approve of this. Instead, the women decided to send warm shirts to the soldiers. They each stitched their names into the shirts they made as a little spirit-raiser to the soldiers out in the cold. The soldiers were reminded that everyone was appreciativ... ...-war-women.html.Revolutionary War Central password Agency. Welcome to the CIA Web Site Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, 4 Feb. 2011. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. .Women and the Revolutionary War. American memoir and World History at Historycentral.com the Largest and Most Complete History Site on the Web. MultiEducator, Inc., 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. .Women Spies- Miss Jenny. Spy Letters of the American Revolution. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. .Zitek, Carl. Women in The American Revolution. SCORE History/Social Science. Sunnyslope Elementary School. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. .

Essay --

Good morning/afternoon everybody. Today, I am hither to discuss the overall wealth of America, in hopes to better justify our economy. It is to my understanding that as of this moment, the United States and its economy stands fairly well, increasing total tax gross by 13%, from $2,482.241 (two trillion four hundred eighty two billion) in 2012, to $2,806.386 in 2013. In addition, we were able to decrease our budget deficit by an additional 27%, with a final deficit standing at $811.851. Although our standings are settled at a decent position, there are ship canal we could execute even greater and that is through with(predicate) the improvement of health and human services, the return of our nations military from the Middle East, education, alternative energy, and the regulation of taxes. maven of the major focuses of our proposal is the improvement of health and human services. Prior to my election, there has been concern about this department due to the recent government shutdown. F rom October 1 through October 16, the United States entered this shutdown, and reduced most routine operations after Congress failed to enact funds for the fiscal year 2014. The principal factor to this shutdown was The uncomplaining Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare. What this law required was for all Americans to have health insuranceregardless if they truly carry it or notso the total costs towards Medicare and Medicaid spending would decrease. However, it is not worth disrupting government funding to undercut healthcare costs. Congress has one signalize duty in the Constitution, and that is to pass spending bills that fund the government. With no compromise, our government may experience another one of these disastrous events. To fix this predicament... ...ity that exserts to be a problem is the amount of alcohol and cigarette users here in the states. The adverse health affects from alcohol consumption accounts for an bode of 75,000 deaths, while cigarette smoking accounts for an estimate of 443,000 deaths each year in the United States. To promote a healthier lifestyle, in addition to internalizing the externality, we will be placing a $0.10 tax on alcohol and a $0.50 tax on cigarettes, in hopes to reduce demand and utilization. However, if alcohol and cigarette users continue to be unresponsive to the change in price, consumers would still continue to purchase these products, and it would eventually benefit the government in terms of raising money with minimum waste, for it would raise revenue with minimal distortion. In other words, as a result of this tax raise, we will be increasing revenue $5.323 billion.

Essay --

Good morning/ later onnoon everybody. Today, I am here to discuss the overall wealth of America, in hopes to better unfreeze our economy. It is to my understanding(a) that as of this moment, the United States and its economy stands fairly well, increase total tax revenue by 13%, from $2,482.241 (two trillion four hundred fourscore two billion) in 2012, to $2,806.386 in 2013. In addition, we were able to decrease our budget deficit by an additional 27%, with a final deficit standing at $811.851. Although our standings are settled at a decent position, there are ways we could execute even greater and that is through the improvement of wellness and human services, the return of our nations military from the Middle East, education, alternative energy, and the regulation of taxes.One of the major focuses of our proposal is the improvement of health and human services. forward to my election, there has been concern about this department due to the recent government shutdown. From October 1 through October 16, the United States entered this shutdown, and reduced most routine operations after Congress failed to enact funds for the fiscal year 2014. The principal factor to this shutdown was The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare. What this law required was for all Americans to have health insuranceregardless if they truly need it or notso the total costs towards Medicare and Medicaid expenditure would decrease. However, it is not worth disrupting government funding to undercut healthcare costs. Congress has one key duty in the Constitution, and that is to pass spending bills that fund the government. With no compromise, our government may experience another one of these disastrous events. To fix this predicament... ...ity that continues to be a problem is the amount of alcohol and cigarette users here in the states. The adverse health affects from alcohol consumption accounts for an estimate of 75,000 deaths, while cigarette smo king accounts for an estimate of 443,000 deaths each year in the United States. To promote a healthier lifestyle, in addition to internalizing the externality, we will be placing a $0.10 tax on alcohol and a $0.50 tax on cigarettes, in hopes to reduce take up and utilization. However, if alcohol and cigarette users continue to be unresponsive to the change in price, consumers would still continue to purchase these products, and it would eventually benefit the government in name of raising money with minimum waste, for it would raise revenue with minimal distortion. In other words, as a result of this tax raise, we will be increasing revenue $5.323 billion.

Comparison of two car advertisements

In this essay I plan to comp ar two railcar advertizements. One of which is about a humongous car, the other, a small car. In a year millions of pounds are spent on advertising so from that it is easy to accept that a car advertisement will cost a crapper of money.Advertisement 1 has a systema skeletale of a Volkswagen Boulevard, facing towards the reader with three stereotypical cleaning ladies engrossed over the car in a humours fashion. The copy is presented below the frame with a slogan that uses two humour and rhyme. The frame does not let you teach the back of the car, and the copy uses a range of print sizes. The print contains twelve short paragraphs.The advert is from the Sunday Times, which is a respectable broadsheet newspaper the advert takes up a whole page, which is an A3 sized piece of paper.Advertisement 2 shows a large blue Volvo Estast in the countryside, surrounded by rocks grass and trees. A woman and a man are standing behind the car unpacking or packin g a hiking kit. The car is shown from the back with the boot open.The rocks and the scenery are presented like this to show that the car can be used on other landscapes the colour of the car withal blends in with the scenery, as it is a indwelling blue. The rocks suggest that the car is rugged, strong, and long lasting, which gives a positive view towards the Volvo. The alloy wheels give it a sporty viewpoint, which is backed up with the copy performance cars. Volvos are well known for their safety and this is also subconsciously shown by the red lights on the back of the car, the helmet and all the other hiking equipment that is used for safety, like the ropes. The man acts as if he owns the car, he stands at the back dominantly as he stands he gather upms to be taking charge, he is closer to the car from this point you can see that the advert is obviously aimed towards the male audience. The boot of the car is open to show that there is lots of space, the amount of space is als o shown by the angle the frame is shown at this can make the car look bigger than it actually is.Advertisement 1 obviously has women as its target audience as they arrive at not used glamorous women over the cars and have not gone into great detail in describing the more technical features of the car. The advertisement captures the consumers attention finished the amount of space the advert takes up, only approximately one third of the page is actually taken up by the car. There is a lot of empty space around the car, and because the car is being sold as a small car the visuals represent it. Throughout the advert it stresses the point that the car is small and compact. An example of this is in the copy with quite a little number little being the buzzword. The advert shows individualism. Draping models over our cars has never been our style. This advertisement is also targeted towards first time buyers as it repeats special edition twice and it has minor details on price in the fin e print under the frequent print.In conclusion both adverts are aimed towards a rather different audience but both seem affective in what they have fix out to do. Advertisement 1 tells of the car being small and compact and shows it many ways, whilst advert 2 tells and shows of the car being large and sports like and shows it using more frames then print. I could see a lot of people reading these adverts and wanting to buy the cars. There fourth I think that both advertisement companies do well in what they have set out to do.

Celestial Sphere Essay

Celestial SphereWhat we see, it contains the stars, planets, Sun, and Moon Celestial Equator- the imaginary line of credit that divides the planet into northeasternerly and Southern hemispheres. The aerial equator is a similar imaginary stria around the airy sphere, also known as the visible innovation. The aeriform equator divides the visible universe in two, creating the Northern and Southern celestial hemispheres. This helps us locate celestial bodies. Ecliptics -an imaginary line on the twitch that marks the annual alley of the sun. It is the ejection of Earths orbit onto the celestial sphere.Besides define the path of the sun, the ecliptic marks the line along which eclipses occur, the moon and planets and asteroids wander, the Zodiac constellations live. The ecliptic is even the starting catamenia for the celestial unionize system used by astronomers to pin tiptop the location of all(prenominal) star, nebula, and galaxy. Meridian-a great circle of the earth passing through the poles and any given point on the earths surface. The half of such a circle included between the poles. Astronomy. the great circle of the celestial sphere that passes through its poles and the reviewers zenith. A point or period of highest development,greatest prosperity,or the like. an of the path way sin the body along vital energy flows. Zenith-The point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer.The upper region of the sky.The highest point above the observers horizon attained by a celestial body. Nadir-the point of the celestial spherethat is directly opposite the zenithand vertically downward from the observer Celestial Poles- any of two diametrically opposite points at which the extensions of the earths axis cut through the celestial sphere. Either of the two points at which a northward or confederationward projection of the Earths axis intersects the celestial sphere. The north and sulphur celestial poles atomic number 18 analogous to Earth s geographic poles and are used in determining right ascension in the equatorial coordinate system. Depending on which hemisphere an observer is in, the stars and other celestial objects appear to revolve once around the north or conspiracyerly celestial pole every 24 hours, an effect produced by the rotation of the Earth on its axis.Because of the precession of Earths axis, the celestial poles gradually shift position in the sky over a nearly 26,000- year cycle. Solstices-As the Earth travels around the Sun in its orbit, the north-south position (declination) of the Sun changes over the course of the year due to the changing predilection of the Earths tilted rotation axes with respect to the Sun. It is this change in the position of the sun that is responsible for seasons.Solstices occur when Sun reaches maximum offsets from the equator projected on the sky . This offset corresponds to thetilt angle of Earths rotational axis with respect to its orbital plane, called the Earths ob liquity.either of the two times a year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator about June 21, when the sun reaches its northernmost point on the celestial sphere, or about Dec. 22, when it reaches its southernmost point. Either of the two points in the ecliptic farthest from the equator.Equinoxes-Either of the two points on the celestial sphere where the ecliptic(the apparent path of the Sun) crosses the celestial equator. The point at which the Suns path crosses the celestial equator moving from south to north is called the vernal equinox. The vernal equinox marks the zero point in both the equatorial and ecliptic coordinate systems flat angular distances are measured eastward from this point.The vernal equinox is also known as the first point of Aries because when first devised some 2,000 eld ago this point occurred at the beginning of Aries in the zodiac. The point at which the Suns path crosses the celestial equator moving from north to south is cal led the autumnal equinox. Longitude-Lines of longitude, called meridians, run perpendicular to lines of latitude, and all pass through both poles. Each longitude line is part of a great circle. There is no apparent 0-degree point for longitude, as there is for latitude. Throughout history many different starting points have been used to measure longitude. By international agreement, the meridian line through Greenwich, England, is currently given the value of 0 degrees of longitude this meridian is referred to as the native Meridian.Longitude values are indicate the angular distance between the Prime Meridian and points east or west of it on the surface of the Earth. Latitude-A line connecting all the points with the same latitude value is called a line of latitude. This term is normally used to refer to the lines that represent values in whole degrees. All lines of latitude are parallel to the Equator, and they are sometimes also referred to as parallels. Parallels are equally sp aced. There are 90 degrees of latitude going north from the Equator, and the North Pole is at 90 degrees N. There are 90 degrees to the south of the Equator, and the South Pole is at 90 degrees S. When the directional designators are omitted, northern latitudes are given positive values and southern latitudes are given proscribe values. honorable Ascension-The azimuthal angle at which the hour circleof a celestial object is located. The rotation axis taken as the direction of the celestial pole. Right ascension is usually measured in units of time (hours, minutes, and seconds), with one hour of time approximately equal to 15 of arc (360/24 hours=15/hour). Declination-On the celestial sphere, the position of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator. Declination is measured in degrees along a great circle drawn through the object being measured and the north and south celestial poles, with positive values north of the celestial equator and negative values south of i t, so that the equator itself is 0 and the north and south celestial poles are +90 and -90 declination respectively the angular distance of a celestial body north or to the south of the celestial equator expressed in degrees used with right ascension to specify positions on the celestial sphere

Decision Making in Multicultural Team Essay

Decisions are choices among two or more alternatives to a problem and are usually in form of determinations, agreements, or declarations (Le Baron, 2007). Adler (1998) asserts that ratiocinations can be findings and factual and can also be thought about as judgment or sound judgement of ruling. Decision devising behavior as with early(a) behavior is affected by various factors, chief among them the cultural orientation of an individual. The approach to decision fashioning in a culturally diverse team whitethorn determine whether a team succeeds or not.The understanding of the contribution and influence of national grow on decision making amongst individuals is a crucial factor in managing international organizations. Consequently, leaders of culturally diverse teams require an understanding of the teams cultural dynamics in order to make effective decisions and to man time for effective team management. Below, the process of decision making and the approach in decision making for managers of multi cultural teams shall be looked at. Reasons as to why managers of different cultural locations are likely to make different decisions for their teams allow also be place.Finally, the imperious and negative effects of cultural differences on day to day life go out be discussed. A cultural frame of reference is important in making decisions for a multicultural diverse team for various reasons. Individual decision making usually follows a pattern of problem recognition and definition, evaluation of solutions based on certain criteria, allocation of weight to the criteria, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives and selection of the best alternative (Adler, 1998). At each stage of decision making, culture may influence the process of decision making.For example, in the problem recognition stage, individuals may either recognize problems at different times, chose to accept the problem or authorise it. At the information search stage, while some may us e an empirical research or fact oriented approach, others will opt for an original approach. At the alternatives stage, future oriented individuals would generate more alternatives. Similarly, other beliefs much(prenominal) as the perceptions on the ability of adults to change or not to change will influence the decisions of an individual.Some factors in choice making that may influence decision making include perception of risk, the decision maker, speed of decision making and the individuals personality as either thinkers or feelers. Finally, at the implementation stage, the decision will again be influenced on how fast it is made, whether it is participative or culturally bound (Edward, 1998). The above influences in decision making as determined by various cultural orientations have been explained by various researchers.Hofstede identified five cultural dimensions that influenced decision making and they include individualism versus discoverivism, which identifies the degree to which people in a nation prefer to act as individuals to congregations, doubtfulness avoidance, which explains the extent to which individuals prefer to avoid uncertainty in future thus preferring structured situation s with tight rules. separates include masculinity versus feminity, with societies high on masculinity valuing assertiveness, competition and success and those with high value for feminity keen on maintaining relationships, quality of life, caring for the weak and so on.Finally, other influences were evident depending on the statuss such as preference for short-term successes as compared to long time frames and persistence. Trompenaars identified individualism versus communitarians, which is similar to Hofstedes individual versus collective dimension. An understanding of societies that exhibit various dimensions will offer a cultural frame of reference thus enabling effective decision making for managers of multicultural organizations.Decision making in a multicu ltural organization has several advantages and disadvantages for an organization. Among the advantages, a multicultural organization has less probabilities of experiencing group think. Groupthink is identified where individuals sharing similar cultures are faced with illusions of invulnerability, illusions of morality, pressure for conformity, and stereotyping, ego censorship among other characteristics that are likely to affect an organization negatively.Other negative effects of multicultural decision making are direct versus validatory communication (Edward, 1998). A woman who was working for a U. S company in its Japanese office, which was checking software, found out a mistake and e-mailed a placard to her boss and her three Japanese interfaces in Japan, as a result they lost so much face. Another difference comes when there is a differing attitude toward hierarchy and authority, In a hierarchical culture like Indias, theres a lot of deference to senior people, either by age or level in the organization.For instance, Indians engineers in multicultural teams happens to see Americans exchanging words with the team led or with by older people, and they are culturally not comfortable doing that, so the team passes them by and everyone loses (Le Baron, 2007). The third negative aspect is trouble with accent and fluency. When team members have accents or lack accents or expression in the language of the team, often they are reluctant to speak up on their areas of expertise (Lederach & John, 1995).For example, members who are not very tolerant of accents dont listen to them that generate a self-reinforcing stigma, they become reluctant to speak and finally the team loses their expertise (Edward, 1998). Advantages that a multicultural diverse organization may know include new approaches to problem solving, different frames of reference, and different levels of analysis, ability to blend in intuitive and empirical information thereby leading to better decisio ns.Other positive effects of cultural differences include acquisition cultural knowledge of different cultural groups and influence all our aspects of our lives by learning their good posture of culture. Dormant group members become active in case of group decision making process (Le Baron, 2007). Managers are also able to know their group members qualities in decision making and problem solving (Lederach & John Paul, 1995). The reason as to why an American leader is likely to make different decisions for their teams than an Asiatic leader is as a result of cultural background and differences in decision making (Le Baron, 2007).Rationality is a major cause of difference between Asians and Americans, an American manager might make a vital decision intuitively, but he or she knows that it is important to proceed in a shrewd fashion. This is because rationality is highly valued in the west (Le Baron, 2007). In countries such as Iran, where rationality is not defied, efforts to appea r rational are not necessary. The other cause of difference is because decision making in Asia is more group oriented than in the United States.Asians value conformity and cooperation, therefore, their managers make an important decision, they collect a large amount of information, which is then used in consensusforming group decision. References Adler, N. J. , (2008). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Cincinnati, OH South-Western College Publishing. Edward T. (1998). Beyond Culture. , New York Doubleday publishers. Le Baron, T. (2007). Conflict and culture. Management of multicultural teams Lederach, D. & John, P. (1995). Preparing for Peace. Conflict Transformation across Cultures. New York Syracuse University Press.

Hrm in Cooperative Banks in India Essay

The world of work is cursorily changing. As a part of organization, Human Resource watchfulness (HRM) must be prepared to deal with effects of changing world of work. Bu sinss at once doesnt feed national boundaries it reaches around the world. In the warlike environment, employees of any business organization are the key factor for deciding the success of the firm, in general, and accommodatives in particular.Indian cooperative bordering movement has passed through hundred long time of its existence. At the same time, military man resources attention has been a neglected field in cooperative banks everywhere a period of time and poor effigy of cooperative bank employees in the society affects their morale. Only recently has at that place been a greater science of this function.This paper an attempt has been made to analyze the practices of human resource management and the ch altogetherenges faced in enlisting and retention of efficient personnel for managing the comple x personal matters of cooperative banks.INTRODUCTIONThe world of work is rapidly changing. As a part of organization, Human Resource Management (HRM) must be prepared to deal with effects of changing world of work. Business today doesnt view as national boundaries it reaches around the world. The rise of multinational corporations places new-fangled requirements on human resource managers. The HR department require to ensure that the entrance mix of employees in terms of knowledge, skills and cultural adaptability is avail open to handle global assignments. In order to meet this goal, the organizations must train individuals to meet the challenges of globalization. The employees must have working knowledge of the language and culture of the host country.Human Resource Management (HRM) must also develop mechanisms that will help multicultural individuals work together. As background, language, custom or age differences become to a greater extent usual, there are indications th at employee involution will increase. HRM would be required to train management to be more flexible in its practices.Because tomorrows workers will come in differentcolors, nationalities and so on. They must be groomed in order to get rid of risks, think innovatively, and handle new problems. In the competitive environment, employees of any business organization are the key factor for deciding the success of the firm, in general, and cooperatives in particular. It is understood that cooperative banks approach human resource management (HRM) from the wrong perspective and their financial per miscellaneaance suffers as a result. Instead of focusing on how to execute strategy through the execution of the employees in many cooperative banks, the first priority is cost control and the focus often begins with the HR function. Indian cooperative banking movement has passed through hundred years of its existence.At the same time, human resources management has been a neglected field in c ooperative banks over a period of time and poor image of cooperative bank employees in the society affects their morale. Only recently has there been a greater recognition of this function. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the practices of human resource management and the challenges faced in recruitment and retention of efficient personnel for managing the complex affairs of cooperative banks.NEED FOR HRMWorld over, the technology driven channels such as, ATM, net banking and mobile banking have reduced walk-in-clients at the bank branches. However, in India, it is discovered that the customers still find it difficult to use these technology based channels and they are more comfortable in traditional banking over the counter in person to ensure error free and risk free banking service. While struggling to provide better and efficient service at the counters, the staff is also confronted with variant regulatory norms to mitigate risks in operations. This clearl y establishes that employees of cooperative banks play a vital role in managing not only the transaction of a customer but also future long-term relationship with them.HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIESAlthough all co operative banks have policies the manner in which they are authenticated and presented to employees varies considerably. Other than the practices explicitly required by law, there are no specific rules on how to document and implement the principles and practices by cooperative banks.Therefore the form substance and tone of cooperative banks policies and procedures are totally within their activities. This discreation presents both a challenge and opportunity for a cooperative institution.The challenge is deciding among just about infinite choices on how to define structure, implement and communicate the banks rules of operation. As for the opportunity a sound and appropriate set of policies will lay the groundwork to software documentation the cooperative banks business objec tives, provide employees with the necessary guidance and achieve the desired organizational culture. In practice, there is no specific written document of HR policies in many cooperative banks.It is n either necessary nor desirable to have every rule and practice documented, but it is advisable to start out the time to formalize the important ones. In addition having certain policies in writing such as rules prohibiting unlawful discrimination and harassment may save an organization a lot of time and money in the event of a law suit. There is no uniformity in the provisions of State Cooperative comprises. prohibit a few states which have promulgated parallel State Cooperative Acts, the acts in other states have restrictive provisions which affect autonomous mathematical operation of cooperatives. Further there is no specific HRD policy as such and recruitment of staff is not based on merit and competence.The Cooperative Act rules and bye- laws were created to protect the coope rative bank from certain nefarious activities prevalent in the market and also save it from the pile who have vested inhumeests. These hamper the autonomous branch of these institutions. One important had factor to be noted is that though the cooperative banks come under the financial discipline of the RBI, NABARD and the Apex Bank, they enjoy autonomy in personnel matters. The cooperative banks should be committed to Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) policies that provide a healthy work environment, free of discrimination and harassment of any kind.RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION erst the human resource planning is complete, the next step is to acquire personnel necessary to ensure the continued operation of the organization. In the absence of scientific recruitment and selection procedures, the management of any organization may fail to select the right man with the right skills for development, doing the right job, in theright environment. Moreover, the employees must have faith in the formation of recruitment and selection. Recruitment provides the opportunity to cater to changing needs of people by either repositioning current employees or injecting fresh blood into the organizational veins There are three modes of recruitment in the cooperative banks, namelya) By cipher recruitmentb) By taking persons on deputation from Government or from sister cooperative institutions management towards employing women in their institutions.c) By promotionThe main sources of recruitment is newspaper advertisement but in cooperative organization, information in respect of vacant plazas is conveyed through the system of circular to the State Employment supersede which receives a restricted distribution. Thus, in the absence of a wide publicity of vacant posts, the service in cooperative banks is easily available to the persons known to the occur and middle executives Internal promotion can be a good practice if merit is not sacrificed. Similarly, recruiting like-minde d people can accrue in the future. With the significant increase in the become a bad practice if it leads to organizational behaviour where diversity is resented. Cooperative banks typically apply precise and unmitigated guidelines to admit members but do not show the same commitment when it comes to recruiting people, despite the fact that hiring decisiveness involves enormous costs when one takes into account the recruitment costs, knowledge costs, remuneration and benefit over the tenure of employee and replacement cost. Deputation of government officeholders to hold the key posts in cooperative banks is a widely prevalent practice.This practice is consequent upon the dependence of cooperative banks on the government for financial and managerial assistance. The practice of deputation affects the bank.employees in certain respects, particularly, the promotion prospects at the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) echelons. The informal discussion with the employees of cooperative ban ks in Tamil Nadu revealed that they are not in favour deputation of officers by government. Further, the cooperative banks, unlike commercial banks, have local identity and the image and have strong banks with local community. Cooperative banks prefer to recruit local candidate particularly for managerial cadre post due to the fact that they are intumesce-adjusted to the local environment. A drawback of cooperatives banks isthat they are not able to attract professionally qualified candidate because of the poor net structure.The only way to attract professionals would be when compensation needs to be internally consistent and externally competitive. It is observed that the in-take of women at both clerical and officer level in cooperative banks is quite insignificant. The reason for lower share of women work-force as compared with their male counterparts might be due to lack of trained women in the field of cooperation and also the attitude of the At present, the pace of recruitme nt in Indian cooperative banking orbit has slowed down and for a long time, there has been close negligible recruitment. The recruitment of persons in cooperative banks assumes special importance because, apart from being competent on the special jobs, they must also be well versed in human dealings and public relations.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTDesigning and implementing effective facts of life and development systems is a particular challenge because all the costs are borne in the present, while all the benefits will complexity and magnitude of banking service especially in view of the task undertaken by the cooperative banks for the socio-economic development in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, the need of the training has been greatly felt. Realizing the significance of training, the cooperative training institutions established at different levels are imparting training to the employees of cooperative banks. The outcome of the training to any type of organization includes in creased productivity of employees, heightened morale, reduced supervision, and increased organizational stability and flexibility. Poor quality training or a focus on the wrong development areas will be a total waste of time and money. It leaves the organization in no better position than if there had been no training at all Cooperative banks provide training for many reasons1.To teach the employees perform in their sign job assignment.2. To improve the current surgical operation of employees who may not be working as effectively as desired3. To prepare employees for future promotions or for upcoming changes in design, unconscious processes and technology in their present jobs. The operational structure and administrative set-upestablished for training of personnel in cooperative banks in India is inter co-ordinated and divided into three cadres viz., Senior, Middle and Junior. The National Cooperative Union of India (NCUI), the national level eyeshade organization and State Coo perative Unions (SCUS), the state level apex organizations are responsible for making adequate ar cut backments for cooperative training. Though training is principally the responsibility of National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT) and State Cooperative Unions, there are certain other institutions such as College of Agricultural Banking (CAB), Bankers Institute of Rural Development (BIRD), International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), International Labour makeup (ILO), National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) which have training arrangements for employees of cooperative banks.The major problems found in cooperative banks are lack of knowledge of cash in hand management resulting in acceptance of high cost deposits and their disposition in low return uses. Another problem is lack of expertise in lending, notice capital adequacy, investment in government securities, managing non performing assets (NPAs), and other newer international rules imposed by the RBI and NABA RD. In India, most persons in the cooperative banking sector feel that somehow if one can get a job he/she can automatically manage the affairs of the bank. Most of the training programmes organized by the cooperative training institutions impart only theoretical knowledge of the subject. Cooperative banks are localized expansion programme.Before organizing trade unions institutions with poor funds and some of the technical courses bring home the baconed by the national training institutions are high cost oriented. Language is another problem. National or state level institutions offer their training programme in common language i.e. English and majority of the cooperative bank employees are not able follow and understand the concept. surgical operation APPRAISALPerformance assessment is a positive approach to tracking individual performance over against the targeted objectives of the organization and identifying strength and opportunities for improvement. It involves more tha n giving an annual performance review. While a periodic formal review may be part of the performance appraisal process, good performance management is an ongoing process, a once-ayear event.In cooperative banks, probationersperformance has been monitored and appraised informally. Clerical employees diaries, entries to the service register and review of work done periodically are the methods used for appraisal of probationers. However, appraisal is not implemented seriously for permanent employees.All the employees are in favour of introduction of performance appraisal though there is no systematic appraisal followed, right now. Generally, the cooperative banks in India are able to get egotism appraisal form from their employees. Each individual employee has to submit a self appraisal to the immediate superior in the prescribed format. Unlike commercial banks, cooperative banks, especially urban cooperative banks which are classified as outrank I and II by RBI, are eligible to get increments to their employees whereas the Grade III and IV banks as classified weak banks and the employees of these banks are not able to get any increments in their salary Cooperative banks have not used any sophisticated methods to evaluate their employees performance. This is the major reason for poor performance of employees in cooperative banks.PROMOTIONAs per cooperative society rules in force, provisions have been made for promotion on the grounds of merits and ability of the employees, their higher status being taken into account only when merit and ability are approximately equal. Recognition of employees is the most important instrument for motivating and increasing performance. No organization, has been able to attract and retain key people in the long run by throwing money at them.Recognition and rewards are important. Introduction of mergers and acquisitions process between and among cooperative banks have created focus on competencies that enable employees to self-man age work in teams, think globally, boldly, and unconventionally and deploy the power of intuition and emotional intelligence. Once the employees are promoted to higher levels, improvement of their competencies is an urgent need. Employees competencies are the knowledge, skills, abilities, personality and characteristics that serve as the foundation for employees behaviour. Competencies are a foundational drive of employees as well as organization success because they only represent potential employees performance.COMPENSATIONOne of the most important issues before the cooperative banks in India is compensation in these banks vary. The salary structure of cooperative banks was different from bank to bank even for the same cadre and salary structure of cooperative banks was not uniform. Thus, ranking(prenominal)ity has accounted for the compensation administration. A remuneration system based on the skill and ability of workers is important. But the cooperative banks cannot attract t he talented and motivated personnel unless they establish their image of framework employee because an organization which cannot pay its personnel adequately has no right to exist in the competitive world. The salary structure in the cooperative banking sector is not as attractive as in public and private sector banks.An adequate and sound salary structure together with other working conditions is the sine qua non for the organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, pay and other reward strategies should revolve not only around business goals but also around the employees needs and aspirations, such as the opportunity to work on challenging assignments, flexible work options, work transfer to take care of personal emergencies and opportunities for training and higher studies. Most important ingredient of HRM is reward and compensation, which at present does not have any linkage to skills and performance. There is an urgent need to have the system of reward and compensati on in place that will attract, recognize and retain the talent in cooperative banks on the lines comparable with other banks, particularly banks in private sector.EMPLOYER EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPA harmonious employer-employee relationship is essential for the effective functioning of the cooperative banks. Since cooperative organizations consist of groups of human beings, each of whom is activated by varying motives, no cooperative administration can fulfill its obligations if it is not supported wholeheartedly by the employee at all levels. The challenge for the banks is to encourage people to unleash their power of thinking and apply it to their daily work. The employer should always encourage the employees to bring out their fullest talent for the success of the institution. Mere encouragement to generate new ideas is not enough. When people make genuine attempts to implement their ideas and fail, they need to be encouraged, not discouraged, to try further.Otherwise, theywill never bother to think and try again they will merely follow their mangers. Success can only be achieved if staff feel they are being treated correctly by the bank and fully understand the banks objectives and rational for their achievement. It is essential, therefore, that management develops an employee relations climate which facilitates these attitudes without reducing managements ability to manage the business. The conflict between employer and employee or among the employees is inevitable in any organization. Some amount of conflict is not only desirable, its also necessary. Without a broad range of ideas presented by persons with diverse backgrounds, experiences and points of view, innovation is virtually impossible. Conflict can also present an opportunity for personal growth.When the managers learn the skills to work out differences and to develop approaches that take into account the needs of others, it will become more effective. There is a need to develop healthy conflict betw een the management and employees as not all organizational conflicts are undesirable. There is a classic management delusion that employees readily approach the higher management when they are dissatisfied with the decision of their immediate supervisor. The reality is that employees are generally apprehensive of upsetting their day-to-day relationship with their manager whose decision is most likely to be upheld anyway for the saki of managerial unity.Unfortunately, those who question the manager are often labeled as whingers and even though the company policy might be to seek heart-to-heart employee feedback, the practice might shut them up from speaking out openly. When whingers turn as whistle blowers and expose the management practice in public, it might be too late for the management to prevent the potential damage to its images Executives must set standards at the top. If middle managers feel disrespected, attracted or stifled by senior management, chances are that they wil l pass this negative attitude down to the employees they supervise. Since a positive relationship with the immediate supervisor is a very important fragment of job expiation, retention should be regarded as an important yardstick in measuring effectiveness.CONCLUSIONCompared with all other management functions, human resourcemanagement in cooperative banks is more sensitive, personalized, context-dependent and cannot be managed through a set of predefined techniques. HR and strategic tool for competitive advantage. In fact, it is difficult first achieving employee satisfaction. Thus, employee satisfaction is a prerequisite to customer satisfaction. Effective organization depends on having the right system of HR policies and practices in place to recruit, select, develop, appraise, compensate and place, promote or impart away employees.Based on a careful analysis of the needs of the business, cooperative banks must prioritize their choices around workforce engagement. Successful H RM requires that the banks practice a sound management philosophy that respects human dignity and diversity and are committed to the growth of employees, believe in the value of employees constituent and involve them in decision making and share the wealth equitably and fairly.

Sample Theme Essay on “Amigo Brothers”

The Amigo Brothers, written by Piri Thomas, is a story to the highest degree a special intimacy amid two boys. Antonio and Felix, two seventeen year old boys, have grown up together and are very close to one another. They do or so everything together. They both dream of a future in which they will be the lightweight champions of the world, and together they help apiece other train regularly. Then a time comes when their friendship is threatened because for the first time ever, they have to compete once against one another in a match.In the end, however, their relationship survives because both boys value their friendship above their ambitions. Through the words, thoughts, and actions of Antonio and Felix, the author expresses the theme that friendship is more important than a competition. From the beginning of the story, the boys have a conversation that reveals the importance of their friendship. One solar day while they are training for the upcoming engagement they will be having against one another, the boys avoid eye contact with one other. Felix breaks the ice by saying, I think we both got something to say to to each one other.As they talk, they both admit that they have been having trouble sleeping at night because they are concerned ab reveal hurting one another. Their worries show that their relationship is important to them. If it werent, the upcoming engagement would not weigh on their minds. Instead, their focus would only be on preparing for the fight in hopes of winning. The author clearly uses the boys words to exemplify the importance of friendship. After talking, the boys decide not to see each other till the day of the fight, however neither can stop thinking some the other because each is worried about their friendship.The narrator says that Both fighters had a lot of psyching up to do before the big fight. This statement shows that the boys friendship is so powerful that in order to fight one another, they need to block out thei r feelings. On the evening before the fight, Antonio cant stop thinking about how he does not want to hurt Felix. He tries to tell himself that friendship has nothing to do with it, but a gnawing doubt creeps in. He prays that the knock-out will happen in the first round thus, avoiding the need to continually punch and hurt Felix.Felix, too,tries to block out his thoughts and feelings about Antonio, but while he is sitting in a movie theater, his thoughts are so much with Antonio that he keeps imagining Antonios face on the movie screen while he, Felix, is punching him out. Both boys are unable to stop thinking about protecting the other because their relationship is so important to them. Here, again Piri uses the boys to testify to the value of friendship. Finally, the storys theme is relayed through the final actions of the boys. During the fight, both are focused on winning the match.Each attacks the other with full force. The fight becomes so violent that the referee has to pu ll them apart. After cold water is poured on both of them, they start to come back to reality. When they realize what has happened to them, they rush toward each other and hug. Afterwards, the bell rings to announce the winner of the fight, but when the announcer looks around to identify the victor, no one is there. The boys quit the ring arm in arm. The land they leave is that they realize that winning is not what is most important to them.What they really care about is their friendship. Piri finalizes his theme through the ultimate actions of the boys. In conclusion, the boys choice to leave the boxing arena sums up the authors point of view about friendship. Throughout the story, their stress and concern for their relationship is revealed through the conversations they have with each other, their thoughts that haunt them before the fight, and the choice they make at the end of the fight. By the closing of the story, there is no question that the authors theme is about the impo rtance of friendship.

Definition Paper- Beauty Is Not in the Eyes of the Beholder

UC-110 31 October 2012 Beauty What does it mean to support peach? What is beauty really? Questions like these can be explained through the definition of beauty. The fuss is that beauty in todays society has acquired multiple meanings. How many times has one heard the phrase, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder, or how about, beauty is on the inside? These happen to be common misconceptions. The true definition of beauty is ironically hidden behind a mask of deception. Glancing through register brings to light the harsh reality of what beauty was and still is today.Individuals need to look beyond the common myth that beauty is merely subjective. Beauty is a perceptual quality that is a harvest-home of innate human design. Love it or hate it, from the moment you opened your eyes, beauty was already defined. Going back in time and reviewing the evolution of beauty demonstrates the definition, as well as disproving beauty is merely subjective. The Darwin theory of beauty is scient ific evidence that there is a reason for universal aesthetic pleasure.Dennis Dutton, a scientist and philosopher states, Beauty is an adaptive effect in which we extend and intensify in the creation of works of art and in the realisation of human beings. Dutton pronounced this statement after studying the universality of beauty across a wide range of topics. It is impossible that humans all grok the same qualities as unique and aesthetically pleasing when we live in such diverse places. Sexual evolution plays an important role in delimit beauty as a product of innate human design. The peacock for example contains beautiful feathers that in no way help with basic survival.However, the peahen is extremely attracted to the peacock because of its feathers, they argon aesthetically pleasing. The peacock proves that mammals are born with qualities that bring about pleasure rather than survival. world are in this category with mammals. Humans contain symmetrically pleasing elements that have little to do with survival. These elements are what prove that beauty is innate. Beauty may have scientifically evolved into what individuals perceive it as today, but the aspect of science has been removed from the concept itself.Confidence is another concept that finds itself in the same position as beauty. Confidence, by society has been changed to be a quality in which anyone can radiate through their swag. In reality, unspoilt like beauty not everyone can radiate confidence. Christopher Cardoso reported, Confidence and positive self-image is just a balance of hormones. Oxytocin is responsible for what a lot of us think is confidence around our peers. Beauty is the same way, It turns out standards of beauty are not only the same across individuals and cultures, they are also innate.We are born with the notion of whos beautiful and whos not (Satoshi Kanazawa). In feature studies have shown that infants (who have had no environmental exposure) stare at the faces of a dults that are considered beautiful by other adults longer than those who are not considered beautiful. An infant is incompetent of developing perceptual knowledge based on its environment about what is aesthetically pleasing. Without determining the effects and causes of this definition, it would be unjust to define beauty as a perceptual quality that is a product of innate human design.Models starve to be perceived as beautiful, while others make a living on determining who will be considered aesthetically pleasing. The society in which we live in from Australia to the United States all puts beautiful people and items on a pedestal. Unfortunately, because beauty is not in the eyes of the beholder, people will search their whole lives to become roles in society that require beauty. Devoted to a addled cause, some will never be successful. Beauty has become an industry of manipulators that try to prove to those who were not born with the innate quality of beauty that artificial t hings can get them there.In societies that can sometimes over look individuals feelings and emotions, a scientific definition of beauty might appear harsh. This explains why alternate definitions have shown prevalence, with beauty as a subjective concept. As it can be useful to define beauty in terms of the beholder, it is more important to cut a definition that is scientifically proven. It is important that individuals can accept that beauty is in fact a perceptual quality, but one that is a product of innate human design. Works Cited Cardoso, Christopher. Hormone Oxytocin Nasal Spray Makes People More Sociable and Confident. IsaA? de. N. p. , 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . Denis Dutton A Darwinian speculation of Beauty. Perf. Denis Dutton and Andrew Park. TED Conferences, LLC, n. d. Seminar. TED Ideas worth Spreading. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . Psychology Today Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. Psychology Today Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. N. p. , n. d. Web. 0 5 Nov. 2012. .

Business Environment. Understanding the Organisational Purposes of Business

Introduction In this assignment I am going to identify the purposes of different types of transcriptions, describe the extent to which an constitution meets the objectives of different spotholders and explain the responsibilities of an memorial tablet and strategies employed to meet them. I am also going to give examples based on my own personal experience. Identify the purposes of different types of organisation commercial enterprise organisations hobo be divided mainly into two domains. The cloak-and-dagger sector, which is formed by sole traders, partnerships, companies and franchises.The sole trader is the most popular form of logical argument ownership. This kind of business is managed by only one individual who puts all of his savings and his time into making it a success. He is his own boss save it also has a negative aspect which is that he has to deal with a lot of responsibilities. For example window cleaning, plumbing. Partnerships can have between two and twenty dollar bill partners. There can be exceptions for some forms of partnerships such as big accountancy firms whose partners also enjoy limited liability.This centre that they can only let go the amount of money that they have invested even if the business goes bankrupt. E. g. vets, solicitors. Companies atomic number 18 owned by shareholders who choose Directors to give institutionalizeion to the business. The Chief Executive has the responsibility of making the most important decisions. Specialist Managers go a centering be appointed to run the comp any(prenominal) on behalf of the Board. Shareholders put funds into the company by buying shares. all(prenominal) company must register with the Registrar of Companies, and must have an official address.Private companies have Ltd after their name. They are normally smaller than public companies. Shares in a private company can only be bought and sold with permission of the Board of Directors. Franchises are businesses in which some one gets formal permission granted by a company to sell its nighs or services in a particular area. The business policies have to be the aforementioned(prenominal) in every establishment. The franchise pays a fit of money as capital and the franchisor is responsible of the equipment. The first one must buy a certain amount of supplies from the econd in order to make sure that the feel of the product is the same as the original. This together with a percentage of the internets of the business goes to the franchisor. The advantages of Franchises are that they have a well-known name. For example McDonalds. The main aim of all of these private organisations is to make a profit. Other goals consist on having a good customer service, gaining a good reputation, offering theatrical role products, etc. Even when they do charity events these organisations earn a profit on the long run because of the positive promotional material they obtain.This go forth make them increase their numb er of customers and make them look more(prenominal) competitive towards their rivals. The public sector is made up of central government activity, local government and businesses that are owned by government. A Public Limited Company has its shares traded on the Stock Exchange, which can make it win a large sum of money in a very short period of time. On the contrary the original shareholders could lose the control of the business if large quantities of shares are bought as part of a takeover.To create a Public Limited Company the directors must apply to the Stock Exchange Council, which will check the accounts. Non- Profit organisations witness donations or funds from groups or governments. All the money they earn from selling goods, which have usually been donated by the public, goes straight back into the organisation to improve the quality of their service. The aim of the public sector is not to generate a profit but also not to waste money just to generate abundant to be ab le to prevent with their community services.Describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders A stakeholder is a person, group or organisation that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies. The following are different types of stakeholders which you could pose in the private sector. Owners or shareholders who want the business to be a success because they have invested their own capital and expect to gain a profit out of it.An organisation has legal and moral obligations to its owners being the most important one to try and ensure that they receive an adequate return on their investment. Employees are a vital part of any organisation. In order for a business to succeed it needs to offer a nice working automated teller and pay good wages to their employees to keep them motivated at the workplace. One way to achieve this is by implanting perf ormance relate bonuses which are usually related to the success of the business as a whole. In this case both parties will be satisfied with the end result. Unions.Their goal is to better the employees work conditions by trying to increase wages and secure jobs. Managers usually have a fluent verbal communication with the unions spokesperson to avoid any conflicts that could occur if their demands are not materialised even if not completely in some way. Customers. A business has to know how to fulfil their customers needs which includes offering quality products at a reasonable price, that the goods they have gone to purchase are available because other(a)wise they will go to the competition to get them and that they receive good customer care.All of these factors will make the organisation have a fixed clientele because they will come back if the experience has been good and it will also make it gain customers thanks to the word of mouth recommendations. All of the above are prim ary stakeholders as they have some direct pursuit or stake in the organisation. Secondary stakeholders are public or special interest groups that do not have a direct stake in the organisation but are still affected by its operations. Some examples could be the local, state, and federal government, trade and industry groups, media, competitors, etc.Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them Organisations not only have moral and ethical responsibilities towards a range of stakeholders but also towards the wider community. The term Corporate Social righteousness (CSR) refers to the responsibilities that modern business organisations have to create a healthy and prosperous society. They also have legal responsibilities which include consumer and product laws, environment laws and employment laws. These laws book the organisation to create new jobs, reduce contamination by for example using plastic bags that can be recycled, etc. nd at the sa me time they are doing something good for the community. Corporate Social Responsibility involves making sure that the organisations goods and services meet the customers demands and are provided in a fair way and also that they are involved in relevant sponsorship and humanitarian activities to help social development. Normally there are eight main types of strategies in which an organisation can be involved with at any time Growth involves the expansion of a business, its markets, products, size, etc. For an organisation to grow it needs to find up and coming markets where they will be able to make a profit.Stability involves a consolidation strategy for the organisation. There must be set guidelines so that the business can keep on working efficiently even if changes occur. Profitability. Gaining a profit is essential for nearly every organisation especially for the private sector where shareholders have a lot of influence. Efficiency consists on using the means the organisation has in the right way. It is an important strategy for public sector service organisations to demonstrate that the taxpayers money has been used properly.Market leadership strategies are about being the best in your market. The market leader can obtain cheaper stock because they buy larger amounts of it. Survival. In such a competitive business environment survival is the key to be able to continue advancing. Merger and acquisition makes the organisations benefit from the advantages of integration by for example gaining new customers. Globalisation strategies involve expanding internationally to countries where normally the cost of production is lower and this will make them gain a larger profit.Based on my personal experience in the private sector in which I have worked for McDonalds and for El Corte Ingles I have observed several differences. On the one hand, McDonalds which is a franchise, pays the minimum wage and their clientele is formed by the working class. On the other hand, El Corte Ingles, which is the first distribution group of Spain in the sales volume sector and is formed by eighty department stores all over the Spanish territory. The wages are higher than in McDonalds and the products they offer are usually select. For this reason customers range from middle to upper class.Both are commercial organisations which means that their income must be bigger than their expenses. Conclusion In conclusion I have learnt that for an organisation to be successful it needs to adapt to the current perspective and has to develop new strategies to be able to compete with rivals. Offering quality products at a reasonable price will make customers buy more which will activate the economy and the organisation will still gain a profit. References The Times 100 Business case studies. Revision theory strategy theory. www. businesscasestudies. co. uk VCE IT Lecture Notes Organisational goals. www. vceit. com

Fast Food and Food Handler Wear Essay

1. Infr ared thermometers are employ to measures? Surface temperatures 2. Food cannot be refrozen once it is thawed because? Dangerous bacteria can grow on thawed regimen 3. What is the marginal temperature for transporting intent food and hot food holding specifics? 135 (F) degrees 4. The appropriate freezing method for destroying the anisakis poriferan in fish is? -4 f degrees and held for 7days 5. What type of jewelry whitethorn a food bus weather while preparing food? Plain band 6. A women runs out of the bathroom in a disruptive food restaurant, and frantically tells the tutor that the bathroom sink has backed up and is overflowing.What should the double-decker do? scraggy the restroom and call a plumber to unblock the drain 7. The concentration of a sanitizing source is compromised when? The reply is to hot 8. All of these foods are potentially hazardous expect for? Raw asparagus 9. If the water allow for to an giving medication is shut off and there is no alter nate portable water source? The institution needs to close until the water supply is restored 10. The borderline natural temp of a pork knocking or tuna casserole urinateed in a microwave is? 165 (f) degrees for 15 mhoonds 11. A food handler reports to the manager that he has been diagnosed with hemorrhagic colitis.The manager must? Ask the person to leave the establishment and report the casualty to the health dept. 12. Clean plates are required for each trip to the buffet because? Contamination can be prevented 13. Frozen foods, other than ice cream, must not be stored at a temp. Over? 0 f degrees 14. Hand washing is not allowed in sinks that are? Used for food prep 15. arc bulb in food prep area must? Be covered to prevent animal(prenominal) contamination 16. The safe way to thaw large poultry or meat product is? In a frig at 41 f or lower 17. The minimum temp and time allowed for prep a roast recoil is? 130 f for 112 min 18.Hand antiseptics can be used? After proper ha nd washing 19. Which of the side by side(p) is the best method for killing bacteria in ground beef? Cook to 155 f for 15 mho 20. Which of these disease- causing bacteria may be tack together in the shell eggs? Salmonella 21. Cooked food is a self serve establishment that has been in the danger zone of under 135 f to over 70 f internal temp of? 165 f for 15 sec 22. When displaying live mollusk for consumption, the FDA food code requires that you? direct a HACCP plan and a variance 23. The chef prepared a large quantity of homemade beef stew and divided it up into two shallow pans for cooling.He placed the pans in the refrigerator and stirs them frequently. However, he was unsuccessful in cooling the stew from 135 f to 70 f within 2 hrs. What must the chef do to cool the stew? Reheat stew at 165 f for 15 sec and begin cooling deal again 24. The entire hand washing process should experience at least? 20 sec 25. Listeria bacteria is especially dangerous because? It can grow in di sh water 26. Back siphoning occurs when the portable water drive is lower than the waste water pressure and the waste water backs into the portable water-cross connection? Air gaps 27.Which of these foods in the more or less likely source of botulism? Vegetables in a swollen can 28. The internal receiving temp of fresh? 41 f 29. Which organism is most likely to multiply in vacuum or airless packaged foods? Clostridium botulinum 30. The minimum wash temp for chemical sanitizing in a ware washing form should be? long hundred f degrees 31. To manually hot water sanitize in a three sink process, the item must be in the water that is at minimum? 120 f 30 sec 32. Which of the following is a safe food handling practice? Clean and sanitize food surfaces in constant use every 4 hrs 33.In a Hazards Analysis Critical Control orientate (HACCP) plan, CCPs are identified in? Flow chart 34. Measure a yellow(a) bean plant casserole where do you insert thermometer? Into the center or thickest part of the casserole 35. Grease traps must be cleaned on a regular basis because the can? Cause a backup 36. Product stuffed with either new sniveller or beef must be cooked to an internal temp of? 165 f for 15 sec 37. The first step in planning a food safety training program is? mark the topics for the training 38. When cooking in a microwave, potentially hazardous foods should? Be rotated or miscellaneous halfway through the cooking process.39. To ensure that the items are sanitized, the temp of a ware washing machines final sanitizing rinse must be at least? 180 f degrees 40. What two factors are the most important for supportling food borne illness in the food preparation process? Time and temp 41. Reduced Oxygen Packaged food must be stored? In refrigeration 42. An outbreak of typhoid fever, caused by the Salmonella Typhi Bacterium, is most likely to occur after? Flooding 43. Which of the following fall out into the eight most common food allergens category? Milk, Wheat , Soybeans 44. Enterohemorrahagic E. coli is a? Bacteria that produces shiga toxins.45. Which of the following bacteria are found in soil? Bacillus cereus 46. The anisakis simplex worm is most likely to be found in? Under cooked fish 47. Which of the following illness DO NOT lose to be reported to the local health dept? Giardiasis 48. Which type of temp probe would use to measure the temp of an oven or refrigerator? Air 49. Which of the following is NOT a method for removing oxygen from packed foods? HMR 50. For traditional steeped tea, the hot water should be a minimum of? 175 f and steeped for minimum of 5 min 51. The turn method for calibrating a stem type thermometer is?In water and ice, and calibrate 32 f 52. shellfish dealer tags must be kept on file for how many days after the shellfish was harvested? 90 days 53. You have a food delivery arriving in an hour that will incorporate of milk cartons, fresh chicken breasts, and vacuum-packed bacon. What is the best thermometer to use to cow chip product temperatures on all of these products? bimetal thermometer 54. Food borne intoxication is caused by eating food that contain? Poison producing microorganisms 55. To free up infinite in the kitchen, a busser is asked to manually clean some pot and pans in a three-compartment sink.First he scrapes and rinses the items. Then, he washes them in the first sink, rinses them in the second sink, sanitizes them in the third sink, and sets the items on the drain visiting card to air dry. What did the busser do wrong? He forgot to clean and sanitize the sinks before using them 56. PCO stands for? Pest picture operator 57. The best method of preventing an outbreak of Hepatitis A is? Proper hand washing procedures 58. On her first light veer, a food handler puts on clean disposable gloves, and begins to move defrosted burger patties form the refrigerator to the preparation area, as directed by the cook.Then, she is asked to slice tomatoes. When shes done, she s lices raw onions. In this sequence of task, when should the food handler change gloves? After moving the hamburger patties to the preparation area 59. The chef scantily finished preparing raw chicken breasts in a citrus marinade. She will store them in the refrigerator for the next shift to cook and serve for dinner. In order to prevent possible cross-contamination, where should the chef place the tray of chicken breast in the refrigerator? On the bottom self next to the ground turkey 60.A food handler comes to work with a bad cold, but insists that he is well enough to work. The employee is asked to take his temperature, and it turns out that he has a fever. What should the manager do? Send the employee home 61. Which of the following bacteria might be found in a food workers hand wound? Staphylococcus aureus 62. A arrive takes his four year old daughter and her friend to the local hamburger diner after smooth lessons. The friend wants a hot dog, and his daughter wants a hamburg er. Because the father likes his hamburgers rare, he orders a rare hamburger for himself and his daughter.What should the server do? Explain that the restaurant cannot serve rare hamburgers to young children 63. Salmonella spp. Bacteria have belatedly been found in contaminated? Produce 64. A food worker used a Quats sanitizing solution in a three compartment sink as the final step in the cleaning and sanitizing process. She affirm that the water temp was 75 f, she followed the manufacturers concentration instructions, and she completely immersed the cleaned metal cooking pots in the solution for 15 sec. last, she let the pot air dry before storing it. What did the food worker do wrong?She didnt immerse the pot long enough 65. Which of the following foods are most good contaminated with the Norovirus? Ready to eat foods 66. Shigella spp. Bacteria are most likely to be found in contaminated? Water 67. A catering company is preparing and transporting hot and cold foods to a custome r put for a birthday party. The customer will then reheats and serve the food to guests at the appropriate time. Which of the following must the catering company provide to the customer? Reheating instructions for hot foods 68. A customer has just finished eating a seafood salad with a peanut dressing.As he is paying the bill, the customer starts to have trouble breathing. His face starts to swell, and he breaks out in hives. Most likely the customer is suffering from? An allergy attack 69. In the final hour of a local fund raising event, your food stall runs out of ice for cold beverages. What is the best course of action to follow? Send a offer to the nearest store for a bag of ice 70. A food handler in a small coffee shop has just finished deep childing a batch of chicken nuggets, when a customer order comes in for fried shrimp. What does the food handler need to do to suspend cross- contact?The food handler should use a different fryer and oil assigned to cook seafood 71. A t an offsite catered event, the food service manager has been hot holding a beef stir fry at 145 f, when suddenly she loses her heat source. Guests are in line waiting to be served. What should the manager do? Begin to serve guests, because the stir fry can be out of temp control for up to 4 hrs 72. A server walks up to a newly seated party of two. The female person customer announces that she has a wheat allergy. What should the server do? Wait till the customer orders, and then check with the manager to confirm if any of the ordered items contain wheat.

Sen No Rikyu Sen

Sen No Rikyu The most influential japanese afternoon afternoon teatime leaftimetime overtop in Japans history is considered to be Sen No Rikyu. He do the tea observance Chanoyu (Way of tea) into an art form. Sen no Rikyu was born in 1522 to the name of Yoshiro in the merchandiser city of Sakai. Rikyu was born to a prominent family, his father, Yohei, was a city council member (The Japanese Way, 1998) as wholesome as an unadulterated merchant. (Above) Sen No Rikyu Developing of Wabi-Cha Wabi-Cha is a Japanese discipline of drinking tea. As stated in the joint Two for Tea The Wabi refers to the beauty that is found in simple things and Cha means tea. Japan Journal) At a young age Sen No Rikyu began to study tea ceremony under Kitamuki Dochi. During his term with kitamuki Dochi, he analyze the elegant tea traditions of Higashiyama, which resembles that of a traditional Chinese tea ceremony and is topper suited for a shoin room. (Fujimori, 2007) See link for a brief descrip tion of a Shoin Room http//www. metm determinationum. org/toah/works-of-art/shoin_room At the age of 19 Sen No Rikyu began to study under Takeno Jo-o, where he learned the contemporary style of tea ceremony.This type of tea ceremony was best suited for a smaller room, known as thatched tea house. In the Daitoku-ji temple, located northwest of Kyoto, Rikyu underwent Zen training as a Zen-Buddhist. After his training he changed his name to Sen Soueki (Japanese). By combining these two different methods of tea ceremonies, he was able to create a new foundation for tea ceremonies as declared in the member Rikyu and the Fruition of the air of tea As this indicates, Rikyu runner studied with Kitamuki Dochin, who practiced the Higashiyama style of tea that had come down from Noami.Thereafter, he studied with Joo in the Juko tradition, and by conjoining these two strands, he was able to construct a new basis for the ascertainy of Chanoyu. (The Japanese Way, 1998) (Above) Daitoku-Ji tem ple Daitoku-ji temple Video http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=XlurloSuiC0 Sen no Rikyu continue to perfect his tea ceremonial style of Wabi and by 1580 he had fashioned what we know today as Wabi-Cha. As adjudge in tether Chanoyou and Momoyama infringe and transformation in Rikyu art A number of tea gatherings were save which suggest further development of his inclination toward Wabi sensitivities.In the summer of 1577 he held a gathering to open his tea room, probably in Sakai, and invited Matsue Ryusen, Tennojiya Doshitsu, and Tsuda Sogyu apart from the Koshima bowl, all his tea articles were common and plain, and the meal (kaiseki) was quite simple. The next course of study he again held a simple gathering in his small room (kozashiki). He go along also to host tea gatherings at which he used the daisu stand, barely by 1580 it is separate that he had developed a strong Wabi style. (Tea in Japan, 1998) Thatched tea house Entrance of a Thatched tea houseTea ceremony For a fu ll description a of Thatched tea house build by Sen no Rikyu hold the first ternion minutes of this YouTube video http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=WboHExBcKSg Success as tea master From a young age Sen No Rikyu was a talented tea ceremony host, this is known by dint of the evidence of people writing about his tea ceremonial talent. As stated in the article Tea and council The political role of Sen Rikyu A rich Nara merchant recorded in his diary that he had attended a tea ceremony hosted by the fifteen-year-old Rikyu.This shows that the boy must have been sufficiently accomplished to serve tea to such an important man and that already at this age he had successfully entered the exclusive circle of the regnant commercial elite. (Bordat, 1977) There isnt a great deal of teaching about Rikyu middle years. What its know is that he continue to developed his tea ceremony methods and became habitual among other(a) tea get the hang of Sakai.As stated in the article Three Chanoyu and Momoyama Conflict and duty period in Rikyus fraud When Rikyu invited his teacher Joo to a gathering in 1544, just seven months in the lead Joos finish, he used a Korean tea bowl, a kettle with a pattern of clouds and dragons, a Hotei incense container, a Kinrinji tea caddy, and a water jug of Shigaraki earthenware, and pageanted a painting by Mu chi with his own inscription in the alcove. These were all suitably valuable articles to show that Rikyu was in the first score of Sakai tea men.A decade later Rikyu hosted a gathering with Imai Sokyu as the only guest, and Sokyus account shows that Rikyu continued to cop and use famous and valuable articles he placed a Semehimo kettle in the hearth, narcissus flowers in the highly-prized Tsuru no Hitokoe flower vase, and used a Shigaraki water jug, a Korean tea bowl, and the celebrated Narashiba Katatsuki tea caddy which had been beloved by Torii Insetsu and was afterward passed to Shimai Soshitsu of Hakata and, finally, to Hideyos hi (I should discuss about him later on).The available records thus make clear that Rikyu from an early age shared with the other Sakai tea men a liking for the collection and display of valuable articles, and he developed his aesthetic sense in accordance with his training in the Higashiyama tradition. (Ludwig, 1989) infra are two of Sen No Rikyu best saying Though many people drink tea, if you do not know the Way of Tea, tea will drink you up. and The Way of Tea is naught but this first you boil water, then you make the tea and drink it. Sen No Rikyu and his political rise.Even though Sen No Rikyu was a well known tea master, he never serve tea to the most powerful Daimyo of the region Oda Nobunaga, as stated in the article Three Chanyu and Momoyama Conflict and Transformation Rikyus Art Rikyu never attained such importance with Nobunaga, perhaps be type his merchant family was not as powerful in Sakai. Approximately in 1570 Sen no Rikyu was introduced to Oda Nobunaga, during thi s period Nobunaga was attempting the unification of Japan. Nobunaga who popularized Sen no Rikyu tea ceremony used it earlier as a way to talk politics and business. Oda Nobunaga Biography) Rikyu along with Imai Sokyu, and Tsuda Sogyu, were placed in charge of tea ceremonies for Nobunaga. By 1575 Rikyu was acting tea master for Nobunaga as stated in the article Three Chanoyou and Momoyama Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art At a victory celebration after in 1575, Nobunaga glowering to chanoyu and hosted a deluxe gathering at Myokoji Temple, inviting seventeen tea men from Kyoto and Sakai to display and use his many treasured tea articles.Rikyus role in this sumptuous ceremony is indicated in Shincho Koki by the phrase sado wa Soeki, showing that Rikyu acted as tea master for Nobunaga. (Ludwig, 1989). (Above) Oda Nobunaga Rikyu continue to gain prestige above the other two tea master, mostly due to Nobunagas preference for Rikyu as he had become his escritoire and highly trus ted middleman. (Bodart, 1977) During this same period Rikyu was an established merchant that supported Nobunagas campaign as stated in the demonstrate Tea in Japan In a letter from Nobunaga distribute to Rikyu there is this note of thanks for a thousand musket balls.As Nobunaga continue to gain land he treasured to transform Chanoyu into his own possession (Kamakura, 1989), causing it to become a national practice, as it was way of showing Nobunagas supremacy. In 1582 Oda Nobunaga was assassinated, after a power struggle Toyotomi Hideyoshi claim most of Nobunagas clan and land. During this period Rikyu ingenuity ascended to new heights as well as his political power.In 1585 for the first time tea was formally presented to the Emperor, Emperor Ogimachi, at the Imperial Palace. As Rikyu didnt posses rank or status he could not attend the ceremony, this issue was solve and is best describe in the essay Sen No Rikyu Inquiries into his life In order to be admitted into the palace eith er to have such as high rank and office, or alternatively, to assume the status of a priest who transcendent lay distinctions.Thus Rikyu took the hieratic designation of Koji (Buddhist Layman) It is also believe that at this time Rikyu rose from one of many tea master to become Tenka Gosado the tea master of Japan. (Bodart, 1977) (Above) Toyotomi Hideyoshi During Hideyoshi reign Rikyu political power increase so much so that he played a central role as stated in the article Three Chanyu and Momoyama Conflict and Transformation Rikyus ArtWith Hideyoshi in control, the political use of the leading tea masters continued, and Rikyu played a central role.This can be seen from his letters of 1584 and 1585, which show he was well certain of Hideyoshis plans in the campaign against Oda Nobukatsus and Tokugawa Ieyasus forces and the Etchu campaign against the Sassa, took a deep interest in these military affairs, and was even attached responsibility in the custody of Osaka. (Ludwig, 1989) (Above) Osaka Castle Sen No Rikyu Death Rikyu became more than a tea master to Hideyoshi, he was often an advisor on other matters. Hideytoshi allow Rikyu to maintain his independence, but disagreements cause their kinship to fail.It is believe that when Rykyu refused Hideyoshis request to take Rikyus daughter as a concubine, the relationship broke and never recovered. (Zen)In 1591 Hideyoshi eventually order Rikyu to commit Seppuku (Ritual suicide) the true reasons are not know but agree to the Article Zen stories of Samurai Tradition holds that Hideyoshi was infuriated when he entered the gate of Daitoku-ji temple (whose construction he had funded) and see that he was walking under a statue of Rikyu Just before his death, Rikyu called together his family and disciples.He then composed his death poem. I raise the sword. This sword of mine Long in my possession. The time is come at last. heavenward I throw it up Sen No Rikyu Legacy Sen No Rikyu legacy can still be seen today in Japanese tea ceremonies. As he perfected the Way of Tea this cause all of the earlier styles of tea ceremonies to vanished with Rikyu death. Today all modern styles of tea ceremonies can be traced instantaneously or indirectly to Rikyu. After his death Rikyu family scattered and when into hiding as stated in the article A rief History of Chanoyu Though the family had been scattered and were in hiding in the residences of various generals , his son Shoan and grandson Sotan, succeeded in reestablishing the family name and reassembling their possessions. They began their task by rebuilding the Zangetsutei and Fushinan tea houses at Ogawa Teranouchi in Kyoto. Today three Sen families exists, this families continue the tradition of holding a memorial service every month at the common family temple. (A Brief) (Above) Sen No Rikyu Grave A timeline of the Chonoyu can be view at this link ttp//www. tea-passage. com/timeline. html write A Brief history of chanoyu. (n. d. ). Retrieved fromh ttp//cla. calpoly. edu/bmori/syll/Hum310japan/Tea%20History. html Bodart, B. M. (1977). Tea and counsel. the political role of sen rikyu. Monumenta Nipponica,32(1), FUJIMORI, T. (2007, August). Two for tea. Retrieved from http//www. japanjournal. jp/tjje/show_art. php? INDyear=07INDmon=08artid=f163e1f847cf981422ef0f1ccc Kumakura, Isao. (1989). Sen no rikyu inquiries into his life and tea. Tea in Japan Essays on the History of Chanoyu, 33.Ludwig, T. M. (1989). Tea in japan essays on the history of chanoyu.. capital of Hawaii HI University of Hawaii Press. Oda nobunaga biography. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. biographybase. com/biography/Oda_Nobunaga. html The Japanese way of tea from its origins in china to sen rikyu. (1998). Honolulu HI University of Hawaii Press. Tea in Japan essays on the history of chanoyu. (1998). Honolulu HI University of Hawaii Press. Zen stories of the samurai. (n. d. ). Retrieved fromhttp//www. zenstoriesofthesamurai. com/Characters/Sen%20no%20Rikyu. h tm

Le Petti Gourmet

Jim OConnor, President and Owner of Le Petit epicurean, received a shocking cry call while vacation in California, which sayed him that his business is going to shut down indefinitely due to the outbreaks of hepatitis A in his ply facility. Le Petit Gourmet was a family catering business that had been in operation(p) in the Denver metro area for more than 30 years. Le Petit employed between one hundred fifty and 200 people, 75 of whom were full time. Along with Le Petit was perceived as the most expensive and upscale caterer in Denver, OConnor also want his business to be known for good forage on all levels, from cookies to lobsters.Le petit Gourmets business had been on the ups march ong in recent years. On November 22, wellness Department notified OConnor that his kitchen manager infected by hepatitis A, and by Nov 30, the doctor confirm the case. Due to the elevate outbreak on Dec 30, Le Petit Gourmet is being shut down completely, and the health departments eat up ordere d food-service workers in metro Denver area to using gloves or utensils when handling food in prevention to hepatitis A.In addition, Le Petit Gourmet employees were forbidden to work as food-handlers anywhere else until January 31. When he returned from San Francisco, Jim OConnor found that his business and family were under siege. The media, his insurance agents, lawyers, and health department inspectors, Le Petit employees and customers were waiting for his explanation on how he going to handle the hepatitis outbreaks. Initially, he hired a public relations firm to help oneself him, but decided that he needed to take a more active role to allay his business.First of all, he personally called the victims of hepatitis and apologized for what had happened. He also meets with his employees to calm their fears. Afterward, he make sure that his high society will engage enough bullion flow on hands to handle this crisis by delaying remuneration to his vendors and negotiated a large r mortgage, because he realized that he doesnt have income for undetermined amount of time. To win back the public on their side, OConnor and his staff decided to dumped $45,000 of food products into the trash.Many of these items were unopened and glacial products, not part of the infected food. OConnor was capable to maintain his employees during the outbreaks, he honestly tell them that present cut was imminent in the future, but if your stand by me and help me, I will deplume to pay you back when the business is getting better. He also states to the employees that the infected person have been remaining Le Petit Gourmet, we are actually harmless working here in Le Petit Gourmet.When he have all the information he need, he held a password multitude at the Le Petit Gourmet facility and explained what had happened and what he and Le Petit Gourmet prepared to do about the crisis. During the outbreak point in times, other catering companies was worried that this crisis would e ffects their companies, so they mailed out letter to inform their clientele that this only happened to Le Petit Gourmet and will never happened against them.Due the OConnor and his staffs diligent works, Le Petit Gourmet ultimately reopened on January 11, and they have their first catering job on January 14. Main Issues The main issues for this case was how OConnor able to handle this crisis with ease and win back the reputation for his business. When the crisis first happened, OConnor is put in a very tough spot, not only that he has face the media, health department, employees, etc they all waiting for him to inform them what is really happened behind this mess that cost by Le Petit Gourmet.I think that OConnor did resplendent job step by step to get his business reopened and back to business as in brief as possible. First of all, he realized that he not going to have enough cash flow on hands to solve the problem, because he will have no income for long period of time due to t he out breaks. Smartly, he asked his vendors for a delay payment, and also negotiated a larger mortgage to make sure to have enough cash on hand to solve the crisis. Money could be use to compensate the victims or pay for attorney fees, and also need to pays his employees.Second of all, he was playacting as a public relations spokesperson, who called all the victims and apologized for what had happened. He also met with his employees to calm their fears by relation them that the individual to whom the initial outbreak had been traced had already left the community, we are in a very safe working environment. He honestly told his employees that pay cut were imminent in the immediate future and their long-term status at Le Petit Gourmet was cloudy, but if they can stay on his side during this troublesome time, he will make commitment to help them later on.In addition, he also dumped $45,000 dollars of food products into the trash, to inform everyone that everything that has to do with hepatitis A will be destroyed and nothing will be held. I am most impress with OConnor was that he didnt shy away from the media, after he gather all the information he needed and collected himself personally, he held a new conference at the Le Petit Gourmet facility and explained what had happened and what he and Le Petit Gourmet as a company were prepared to do about the crisis.Finally, due to the diligent works from OConnor and his staffs, Le Petit Gourmet was finally reopened on January 11, and got they first catering job on January 14. I believe that OConner manage everything very well during the crisis, he win back the reputation of his company by holding a news conference and inform everybody what has happened, and win back his employees by honestly tell them what is going to happened in the future, he didnt hide anything from anyone. He tells everyone what he thinks and what he going to about it.